The presence of leukocytes (also called white blood cells) in a routine urine test may create a great deal of confusion about the health implications and causes of this result; however, leukocytes represent an essential component of the body’s defence against invading pathogens.
The presence of these cells in the urine indicates the body’s natural response to infection (or inflammation or irritation) of the urinary system, resulting in stress on the urinary system.
What Are Leukocytes in Urine and Why Do They Appear?
Leukocytes are part of the body’s immune system, and therefore, typically, urine has very few, if any, leukocytes. Therefore, the detection of leukocytes in urine is an indication that your urinary system is stressed, typically due to an infection.
When leukocytes are detected in the urine, it may be referred to by your physician as pyuria, which is often associated with urinary tract infections, but is also seen in non-infectious situations such as kidney stones and inflammation. It is necessary to establish the underlying cause of the inflammation/irritation in order to initiate appropriate treatment for the urinary tract infection.
What Are the Common Causes of Leukocytes in Urine?
- Leukuria (presence of white blood cells in the urine) is commonly associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTIs occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract. This triggers the immune response that leads to the elevation of leukocyte counts in the urine. Women are more prone to UTIs than men; however, children and men can develop UTIs as well.
- Bladder infections can lead to kidney infections if the infection travels up to the kidneys. During a kidney infection, elevated leukocyte levels would likely be seen in a patient’s urine. Symptoms that typically accompany kidney infections include fever, chills, and back pain.
- Some STDs can also irritate the urinary system and stimulate the production of leukocytes in the urine. Even without the presence of bacterial infection typically associated with UTIs, it is possible for STDs to cause elevated leukocyte counts in a patient’s urine.
- Kidney stones can also be a source of urinary tract irritation and inflammation resulting in elevated levels of leukocytes in urine.
Which Leukocytes in Urine Symptoms Should You Not Ignore?
The symptoms that an individual will experience will depend entirely on what is causing their particular problem. While some may not have any symptoms at all, in contrast, others might have noticeable ones.
The most common symptoms are:
- Discomfort when urinating (burning)
- Frequent need to go to the bathroom (urge to void)
- Urine that is either cloudy or smells badly
- Pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis area
- Fever and/or chills
- Pain in the lower back and/or sides
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How Is Leukocytes in Urine Diagnosed?
To verify the existence and origin of leukocytes in the urine, medical professionals will conduct straightforward procedures:
1. Urine Routine Exam
A simple exam to find leukocyte esterase, an enzyme that is produced by leukocytes (white blood cells).
2. Microscopic Review
To validate how many leukocytes are present in the urine.
3. Urine Culture
To isolate the specific types of bacteria causing the infection and assist in determining which antibiotic would be the most effective.
4. Other Examinations
If there are instances of repeated or serious infections, a physician may suggest an imaging procedure or blood work.
How Can You Prevent Leukocytes in Urine?
A strong daily habit(s) is the basis of prevention for the presence of leukocytes in urine, especially for those who are vulnerable to urinary tract infections. An example of some great tips to help maintain a healthy urinary system are by:
- Drinking adequate amounts of fluids daily.
- Not holding in urine for long periods of time.
- Maintaining good hygiene.
- Urinating shortly after engaging in any sexual activity.
- Avoiding the use of harsh or irritating products when cleaning the genital area.
- Wearing breathable cotton underwear.
- Controlling blood sugar levels if you are diabetic.
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What Are the Most Effective Treatment Options?
The treatment for a urinary tract infection depends on the cause of the infection.
1. Antibiotics
A urinary tract infection caused by bacteria will be treated with antibiotics. It is important to complete all prescribed antibiotics in order to effectively cure your urinary tract infection.
2. Relief of Symptoms
You may also be prescribed medications to help relieve any pain associated with your urinary tract infection; these may include analgesics and antipyretics.
3. Treatment of Underlying Cause
If the underlying cause of your urinary tract infection is a kidney stone, you may require medications or procedures. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) will require both partners to receive targeted treatment. For chronic inflammation, you may require long-term medical management.
4. Follow-Up Testing
You will need to undergo repeat urine tests to monitor the resolution of your urinary tract infection.
When Should You Consult a Doctor?
If you Have symptoms for more than a few days
- Feel unwell (fever, intense pain, vomiting)
- Show repeat leukocytes (WBCs) in urine.
- Are pregnant, elderly, living with diabetes.
You should have a doctor assess you because diagnosis at the right time can help prevent further complications, particularly any issues relating to the kidneys.
Conclusion
Shekhawati Hospital Jaipur understands how important it is to diagnose urinary disorders early, so we take our responsibility as providers of Urologic Health Services very seriously.
When a urologist identifies leukocytes (white blood cells) in urine, it can be a good indicator that there could be an abnormality; therefore, you should never ignore this finding.
Most urinary problems can be managed effectively with early diagnosis, tailored treatment plans, and preventative education. We strive to provide compassionate, patient-centered, dependable, high-quality care to help our patients achieve long-term urinary and general health.
Frequently Asked Questions:
1. Do leukocytes (white blood cells) show up in urine without an infection?
Ans. The answer is yes; there are other possible causes for white blood cells (leukocytes) being in urine, such as inflammation, kidney stones and some autoimmune diseases, as well as many other conditions.
2. Are leukocytes in urine a health hazard?
Ans. Leukocytes do not pose a health hazard, but their presence indicates a problem that requires treatment.
3. Can I treat leukocyte in urine at home?
Ans. Increased fluid intake may help treat minor cases of white cell presence, but most people with this condition will need a medical intervention for successful treatment.
